TheBradfordReview publication and digital wire service. TBR subscribes to the tenacious craft of reporting the truth. This involves personal and editorial opinions, with respect to perspective. There is no intent to condemn or defame. A grass roots and differing source of topics and information.(BE)All Rights Reserved[2024v15]
TBR - Leighton Bradford, Editor-in-Chief - originally published Houston/La Vida News
Popular culture is ever so reluctant to let Tupac Shakur go despite the
death of the entertainer a short time ago. Is there any correlation
between his death and the working towards the demise of other leaders?
Are Black male leaders being purged from American society, making way
for an ideal or premise that coincides with white supremacy?
During the time of Jesus, a ruler by the name of Herod engaged in what
was described as infanticide of male hebrews. Ron Brown (Fmr. Secretary
of Commerce), Tupac Shakur, Mickey Leland, El Hajj Malik Shabazz, Dr.
Martin Luther King Jr., Marcus Garvey and Huey Newton are a number of
Black men silenced for whatever reason.
What
will this become, yet another conspiracy theory? Or will society come
to grips with this disturbing trend? Another variable within this
equation revolves around the high incarceration and death rate of Black
men. How can a scholar or African leader live with the destruction of
hope? There also remains the short list of Black men hemmed up over
trumped up charges and imprisoned because of it. If only we could see into
the past, maybe the future. What would we do? Maybe adjust flaws of
character, and bring back Moses? Are any of these acts or actions
related? What measures will some take to keep power out of the hands of
Africans? Geo-political destabilization of Africa and America may
benefit a white supremacist ideal; our old friend divide and conquer
rears its ugly head. The aforementioned issues suggest fault--I ask
candidly, who is to blame? There is a belief that certain elements
within American society are administering policies which seek to destroy
or destabilize the American Black male.
Young Blackmen are not being nurtured to hold power. So similar are the
tactics of Herod, attuned with the shadowy enemy of a would-be messiah.
Is there a direct correlation between a male leader of African descent,
and an effort to work towards his demise? In college, some taught the
varying aspects of logic, be it deductive or inductive. Why not borrow
from this concept, and begin to look further in what has been suggested.
Maybe it's a coincidence that so many Black male leaders have been
assualted. W.E. B. Dubois spent his mature years in Accra, Ghana. Dubois
may have washed his hands of society's treatment of individuals of
African descent. Hopefuly life for young Black men can be productive and
prosperous so long as King Herod doesn't get a hold of them. Our
current leaders have yet to devise a plan which embraces the young Black
male, in an apprentice like posture, preparing them for leadership. So
many questions, so few answers--our faith shall respond to all.
Born and raised in Portland, Oregon, Hazel Ying Lee became the first Chinese American woman to earn a pilot’s license and fly for the U.S. military under the Army Air Corps.
Lee’s bravery and service record paved the way to secure military status for women pilots and echoed a legacy of equality and inclusion.
In her youth, Lee had a passion for becoming a pilot. After graduating from high school, she took a job as an elevator operator to earn money for flight lessons. At the age of 19, she joined the Chinese Flying Club of Portland, took flying lessons, and earned her pilot's license.
In 1933, Lee went to China in the hopes of becoming a military pilot. The Chinese air force turned her down because women were not allowed to become pilots. Despite the adversity, she remained in China, working a military desk job and occasionally flying for a commercial airline. When the Second Sino-Japanese War began in 1937, Lee again attempted to join the Chinese air force and was again rejected due to her gender.
Lee returned to the United States in 1938 and worked for the Chinese government in New York as a buyer of war materials.
In the fall of 1942, Lee applied for the Women’s Flying Training Detachment, which later merged with the Women’s Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron to become the Women’s Airforce Service Pilots or WASP. She began her training at Avenger Field in Sweetwater, Texas, where she learned to fly a variety of military planes. As one of only two Chinese American pilots in the WASP program, Lee relished her role and ethnicity. She enjoyed teaching her fellow WASPs about her Chinese culture and Asian cuisine and even helped her classmates inscribe their nicknames in Chinese characters on their aircraft using red lipstick.
After training in Texas, Lee was stationed at the Air Transport Command’s Romulus Army Air Base, Michigan. While there, she flew in a Boeing-Stearman PT-17, a North American T-6 Texan, and a Boeing C-47 transporting military passengers and cargo. For Lee, flying was a way for her to feel the freedom she didn’t have on the ground. Her passion for flight drove her to pursue a qualification in flying single-engine fighter aircraft, which she earned through a Pursuit School in Brownsville, Texas, in 1944. While there, she familiarized herself with the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, North American P-51 Mustang, and Bell P-63 King Cobra.
Although she achieved a pinnacle of flight prowess, Lee was still often mistakenly seen as a Japanese enemy due to her appearance. During an emergency landing on a Kansas farm, she was chased down by farmers with pitchforks as she was mistaken for a Japanese aggressor. Lee was able to settle the confusion but not before suffering anguish as a result of their prejudice.
In World War II, Lee and other pursuit pilots delivered more than 5,000 fighters to Great Falls, an essential link in supplying Russian allies with planes.
During a routine aircraft transport to Great Falls, Montana, a faulty communication between the air traffic controllers caused Lee’s P-63 to collide with another P-63. She was able to land her damaged and burning plane, but she was severely injured. On Nov. 25, 1944, she died of her injuries. A few days after her death, her family was informed her brother, Victor, was killed in action in France. The two siblings are buried at River View Cemetery in Portland.
River View Cemetery initially refused to bury the siblings alongside white Portlanders, but their sister wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the cemetery allowed it. Lee was denied military death benefits because the WASPs were considered civilians.
In 1977, after years of fighting for recognition, the WASPs were granted veteran status along with full benefits. In 2010, Lee and the other 1,073 women who served as WASPs received the Congressional Gold Medal.
Lee is now regarded as a local heroine in Portland and recognized by the Department of Defense as the first Chinese American woman to fly for the U.S. military.
Whenever you’re at home, look around at what might be a manufactured good. Let’s start with your kitchen! Go and pick up any electronic device and find out where it was made? Chances are it was manufactured in China. With the U.S. economy bordering on a historical depression. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed everything associated with life in America. Unemployment and foreclosures are at record highs, the need for financial due diligence becomes apparent.
China is a declared communist regime! The Nixon administration was credited for opening modern diplomatic relations with the sleeping giant. The inner-city classmate majoring in Chinese, I went to college with, becomes a profound gesture. She had the insight to take advantage of the awakening power of U.S.-Sino relations. Individuals of African descent are not receiving enough business contracts. An obvious consequence, of an overall maligned trade practice.
Some would denounce creating a more favorable U.S. tariff with China as protectionism! There are elements within the U.S., that consider trade deficits an attack on national security. What if one day China told the U.S. not to pursue an embargo on a terrorist sponsoring nation; at least not until they finalize a trade deal? The Wheeler-Lea Act of 1938 enabled the FTC the ability to suppress unfair trade practices, whether unfair to competitors or consumers. "Trading with the enemy act of Oct.6, 1917"; May be an attributed point of reference as well.
Keeping the American worker gainfully employed should not be a conservative or liberal agenda, but a U.S. agenda. As recent college graduates raise their hand patiently within the opportunity lecture; a cautionary tail arises with proponents of skilled workers afforded work visas, while companies fail to demand efficient HR recruitment practices. Devoid of xenophobia, there are a multitude of highly skilled workers right here in the U.S... Foreign investment affects the average American in so many different ways. China has saturated our country with cheap goods. There is a direct correlation of the wares pricing, and its competitive effect upon U.S. manufacturing. The working-class American is forced to accept low wages associated with the Sino attackon our overall GDP and the U.S. worker. NAFTA created parity for Mexican citizens, but not blue-collar American workers! You don't have to fight a conventional war with the U.S., when you can undermine their economy. The rust belt understands the dynamics of a bad trade initiative. When you control how U.S. citizens acquire gas or local services, you undermine mom and pop stores throughout the U.S. Global trade has to be about trade deals that create parity along all lines.
NAFTA was detrimental to the U.S. businessman. Should the FTC/SEC collaborate with the State Department and NSA in a more deliberate manner? Further, as it relates to quantifiers of foreign investment, Threat Levels [National Security], and Trade Deficits, which just hit $3.1 trillion? The U.S. trade deficit in goods and services was $616.8 billion in 2019. Imports were $3.1 trillion, and exports were only $2.5 trillion. Globalization will contend with protectionism; until the WTO, and foreign regimes, begin to create parity along all lines of global trade. My former boss comments lend to the aforementioned subject matter,” I started CGI in 2005 to help turn good intentions into real action and results” William J. Clinton, 42nd President of the United States. Wal-Mart is involved with CGI. Wal-Mart is a company that relies on China for a number of manufacturing goals
Despite the implicit hustling, drug dealing, and low-class characters, the neighborhood had potential. We decided to make a difference within this urban environment. Solid brick homes with decent retired folk. Back in the day, the neighborhood made dreams possible... for hard working individuals. A Memphis city council woman, Janis Fullilove lived around the corner! Other metropolitan areas would consider this prime real estate! After several forms of communications, to key Shelby county officials, Major Durand Martin and Colonel Mike Ryall suggested a potential meeting? I wondered if they were doing a recon, attributed to the indifference of their community policing of parkway village? Ridgeway Precinct Commander Colonel Mike Ryall, prior to visiting my rental property, parked his MPD squad car in the drive way of known drug dealers D. Walker and W. Mayberry, and talked. I spoke with him(Colonel M. Ryall) several times, communicating my concerns. MPD Deputy Director Mike Ryall has been accused of ignoring MPD Lt. Cody Wilkerson's (Ret.) rape kit processing. Were the aforementioned MPD leadership, looking the other way, when it came to the drug dealing on this block? The well documented complaints about drug dealing were initially scoffed at. Select officers would come up to the residence, wearing sunglasses, in lieu of my surveillance cameras.
Drug Dealing 3350 Best way
The dope boys threatened to kill my dog, my kids, my spouse, and burn down my house for two years. The drug dealer was so confident, he reclined back on his vehicle ushering threats, while MPD waited in the shadows for a reaction. In 2014; a SUV blocked my drive way, I wondered whose child had been sitting in the car seat for over 8 hours? Later; a high, thin white female staggered towards the SUV, and drove away. D. Walker aka dope lady waving as though she just left the nail salon! Former MPD police director Toney Armstrong was aware of the drug activity. At that moment, I knew the benefactors of the parkway village were coming. The enterprise east of us reared its head, when the hustlers at the end of the block, shot their father in cold blood. When I look back on the corruption and the illicit industry on best way; I'm proud of trying to make life better within a working-class neighborhood. MPD officer Sgt. Greer is a supposed veteran, who did not hesitate to jam up a fellow veteran. MPD Sgt. Greer is a short, diminutive officer. He has it out for veterans who don't accept illegal drug activity. Ask yourself why a police officer would spend this much energy, thwarting a citizen reporting of organized crime? MPD Sgt. Greer is a classic Sambo! Shelby County TN Criminal Court Judge Carolyn Wade Blackett is a corrupt judge. She should be disbarred and brought up on criminal charges!
Bricks used in domestic terrorism.
The home was located within an ear shot of rail and transportation. Just trying to establish roots in Memphis, TN. I wanted to make this neighborhood safe for its elderly residents. The most basic problem with the inner city Black family is the aforementioned hustler's creed. Too many individuals of African descent, within inner cities, don't think anything is wrong with drug dealing. To be a hustla or not be a hustla, that's the implicit question? This concept is proposed everyday in Memphis, TN. How dare a veteran take on crime and corruption. Self hate is so entrenched within Black culture; it confounds the most basic attempt to rid a neighborhood of evil! Someone should have warned me my people are under attack! Drugs attract violence and social deprivation. Within my first interaction with Major Durand Martin, he agreed with this statement. "Man this neighborhood use to be real nice". Major Durand Martin seems to be a typical apologist. Colonel Mike Ryall's right hand man. They both set in my living room playing the role. Durand rose up and put out the burning incense on the fire place mantle; placating, Ryall sitting on my couch. It should have been a scene right out of "Training Days". I attended a town meeting at the church at the end of Best way. Council woman Janis Fullilove, and once again Ryall and Durand were present. The atmosphere changed when the community patrons began to see through the polished and patronizing reply to drug dealing.
Drug Dealers Engage In Domestic Terrorism!
The deep part about Black self determination, Black souls become the crux in fighting crime. Meaning; if caught up in materialism and hedonism, it becomes a lost cause. My military career has supported the defense of every ethnicity. Sgt. Greer is a grave disappointment. I'm not suggesting not upholding the law; but actually giving a fellow veteran the benefit of doubt, and acknowledging the fact that three government entities agreed that 3344/3350 were dealing drugs! Some within law enforcement have decided a block, is earmarked for their own personal gain! Hustla's seem to not respect an out of state brotha. The Shaft factor does it play a role? I began to understand the dynamics of the "Hustle"! No individual or set can push weight or drugs without help! Gang members are the anti-thesis of our race. They fill the void of leadership within impoverished communities. Black men can't blame the other, we have to organize and provide leadership towards our race. We must declare war on gang activity!
Federal Lawsuit: Tennessee Grand Juries “Not Properly Constituted”
(Apr. 28, 2019) — A lawsuit filed in federal court last fall by six inmates at the Shelby County jail in Memphis, TN claims that citizens of the county are subjected to a “routine ‘rubber stamp’ policy and procedure” after they are arrested and incarcerated.
The class-action suit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Tennessee on October 29, 2018 along with three exhibits, and names Shelby County Sheriff Floyd Bonner, Shelby County District Attorney General Amy Weirich, Shelby County Government, former Gov. Bill Haslam, and the State of Tennessee as defendants.
The plaintiffs claim they have been jailed for as long as 40 months without having been provided a grand-jury indictment stating the crime(s) of which they are accused. Alternatively, the suit claims on page 16, “rubber stamped indictments are brought against individuals charged with offenses which are violent and drug related in nature, and taken alone do not objectively give rise to a particularized probable cause…” [sic]
The lawsuit’s claims of protracted imprisonment of the county’s citizens without indictment are not unfamiliar to this publication, which has received scores of letters from Shelby County jail inmates over more than two years with similar complaints.
Underlying the practice of delayed indictment and alleged lack of probable cause, wrote plaintiff Quartez J. Gary in a letter to The Post & Email last week, is the operation of the grand jury itself resulting from its judicially-appointed forepersons who serve multiple terms at the pleasure of the judge.
On pages 13 and 14 of Gary’s handwritten complaint, he alleges that, “On information and belief, the defendants have promulgated, implemented, enforced, carried out and/or failed to rectify a written and/or de facto policy, practice or custom of indicting all individuals placed in the custody of the ‘facility,'” referring to the jail, “without any demonstration or finding of probable cause.” However, on page 31, he states that the process is “designed to deprive an individual of his/her right to due process of law and a fair and speedy trial is a uniform state wide Policy and Procedure…” [sic].
Presenting as “Exhibit A” a grand-jury foreman order from September 2012 appointing “Pat Vincent” and reappointing “Mary Thomas” and “Pat Vincent” as grand jury foremen, Gary wrote on the document that “Any indictment Endorsed by mary thomas/J.P Vincent is facially invalid and lacking any legal efficacy.” [sic] 3520647-1–8857
The appointing order is signed by a judge from each of Shelby County’s eight criminal court divisions.
Last August, local media reported that longstanding Shelby County grand-jury foreman Mary Thomas was removed from her position for allegedly having “failed to follow proper procedure on July 31, 2018,” a date that was later changed to “July 17, 2018.” However, documentation The Post & Email acquired from a source as to Thomas’s removal dated August 8, 2018 stated that Thomas “has not been following proper procedure.”
The Post & Email’s calls to the Shelby County Criminal Court for comment on Thomas’s dismissal were not returned.
In August 2016, a relative of a Shelby County inmate informed us that after visiting the Criminal Justice Center in person to request copies of all grand-jury foreman appointing orders for the last eight years, she left empty-handed after the clerk claimed the court held no responsive records.
Gary’s argument as to the composition of the grand jury is similar to one put forth by LCDR Walter Francis Fitzpatrick, III (Ret) in 2009 after discovering that Tennessee grand-jury foremen are “handpicked” by the judge and serve multiple terms, sometimes for decades. As a result of his efforts to expose the practice, Fitzpatrick attempted a citizen’s arrest, legal in Tennessee, but was jailed in Monroe County and later, in McMinn County, then sent to state prison for more than two years in August 2014.
In 2010, longstanding Monroe County grand-jury foreman Gary Pettway said he “worked for the state.” A public records request returned no appointing order, oath of office, or evidence of vetting of Pettway by court personnel.
Weirich was ranked as one of the most ethically-challenged prosecutors among the states of Missouri, California, Louisiana and Tennessee in a study by the Fair Punishment Project encompassing the years 2010-2015. In March 2017, Weirich accepted a “private reprimand” for her conduct in the nationally-covered Noura Jackson case, specifically for her attempts to force Jackson to testify. In exchange, the Board of Professional Responsibility (BOPR) agreed not to prosecute her on ethics complaints.
Pages 29 and 30 of the lawsuit quote from an article in the Memphis Flyer dated July 20, 2017 about Weyrich and her office, citing the Fair Punishment Project’s findings.
As reported by the website prosecutorialaccountability.com, Weirich was noted to have made “improper comments” in the courtroom in the past.
Tennessee district attorneys general wield considerable power and are elected to eight-year terms. Weirich’s current term expires in 2022, at which time she reportedly plans to seek re-election.
At the same time Fitzpatrick was sent to state prison, Jackson’s attorneys successfully appealed her conviction, with the court ruling that “the prosecution violated the defendant’s constitutional right to due process by failing to turn over until after trial the third statement a key witness gave to law enforcement officers investigating the murder.” By that time, Jackson had served nearly a decade in prison.
A deputy prosecutor in Weirich’s office, Steven Jones, was cleared of misconduct allegations for failing to produce exculpatory evidence in Jackson’s case after he claimed he “received the statement during the trial, briefly reviewed it, put it in the flap of a notebook and forgot about it.”
Systemic corruption in the Shelby County prosecutor’s office related to The Post & Email includes the cases of Celitria Watson and April Malone, who were indicted in January 2017 for an alleged drug scheme based on text messages they proved were altered by an unidentified party with the apparent intent of incriminating them. While they were dropped from the case after approximately six months, the women say their reputations and standing in the community remain damaged and their ability to earn a living affected. They, too, have filed a federal lawsuit against Memphis law-enforcement and Weyrich’s office seeking restitution.
In another instance, then-Shelby County jail inmate Datel Taylor insisted he made no confession to investigators who questioned him in the jail about the November 2016 murder of his girlfriend. Rather, he said, he witnessed an investigator instructing a court-reporter present during the questioning to “alter” his statements to indicate a confession.
Although his Shelby County criminal record indicates he accepted a plea agreement, Taylor continues to say he is innocent of the murder, including in a letter received last week from the state prison to which he was sent on a 25-year sentence.
In the case of former Shelby County Sheriff’s Office (SCSO) sergeant Earley Story, overwhelming evidence of his innocence on a 1999 felony conviction of selling marijuana to an undercover officer and confidential informant in 1997 continues to be ignored by the courts despite Story’s continued efforts to clear his name and the backing by a national, congressionally-recognized police-defense organization.
In the federal case of Hobby v. United States, in opining as to whether or not an indictment should be overturned due to alleged discrimination in the selection of a grand-jury foreman, the U.S. Supreme Court claimed that the foreman’s duties are “merely ministerial” and that, assuming his appointment emanated “from an unobjectionable venire,” would not be cause for an indictment to be found invalid.
The “venire” indicates the body of grand jurors chosen to serve for a given amount of time.
In Tennessee’s criminal courts, the grand jury foreman is not chosen from the venire, but rather, through an undisclosed, most likely arbitrary method known only to the judges. However, an 1883 state supreme court case demonstrates that was not always the case, and history shows that the practice commenced after the Tennessee legislature passed a law purported to legitimize it which took effect in 1919.
A 2008 law mandates that no juror may serve without 24 months having elapsed since his last service.
While the state has claimed that grand-jury foremen do not vote and are not “jurors,” as in the federal model, many Tennessee citizens and observers have reported that the grand jury foreman does, indeed, cast a vote when considering an indictment, particularly in the case of a tie among the remaining 12 grand jurors. In fact, when Fitzpatrick was arrested following the citizen’s arrest on April 1, 2010, he was charged with “intimidating a juror,” namely, Pettway.
On page 3, Gary claims that the grand-jury foreman casts a vote.
Tennessee law dictates that all jurors be chosen through “random, automated means.” The grand jurors’ term of service is said to be two months, while for the foreman, it is two years.
Weyrich’s office is open about the fact that it “hires” the grand jury foreman and states that grand jurors are “selected by the administrative judge of Criminal Court.”
After testifying in Shelby County in August 2016 for only minutes before being expelled from the witness chair by Judge Lee Coffee, one of the signers of the 2012 appointing order included in Gary’s suit, Fitzpatrick related his discovery that Shelby County judges also appoint a “grand jury foreman pro tempore,” a position not found in Tennessee code.
In 2012, Fitzpatrick discovered state laws from 1984, never repealed nor amended, which ordered the county criminal courts to reorganize into multi-county districts, with several exceptions for large counties such as Shelby and Knox designated to remain their own respective districts. As far as this publication has been able to determine over 9+ years of coverage, the laws were never observed other than for the numbering of judicial districts, as in Shelby County’s designation as Tennessee’s 30th Judicial District.
In 2010, an attorney for Fitzpatrick termed Tennessee’s judicial system “hopelessly corrupted.”
The additional exhibits included with Gary’s lawsuit are his case history summary and six grand-jury indictments issued respectively against the plaintiffs signed by either Thomas or Vincent.
Fergus Nolan of Memphis Truth Commission has uncovered additional prosecutorial corruption in Shelby County involving Story’s confidential informant, Alfredo Shaw, who testified at not only Story’s trial but also that of a death-row inmate, Tony Carruthers. Shaw has since recanted his testimony, but Carruthers remains in Tennessee’s maximum-security facility, Riverbend.
Federal Lawsuit: Tennessee Grand Juries “Not Properly Constituted” added on
COLOR OF LAW Civil Rights Violations From FBI website at http://www.fbi.gov/hq/cid/civilrights/color.htm
It is a crime for one or more persons acting under color of law willfully to deprive or conspire to deprive another person of any right protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States.
"Color of law" simply means that the person doing the act is using power given to him or her by a governmental agency (local, state or federal).
Criminal acts under color of law include acts not only done by local, state, or federal officials within the bounds or limits of their lawful authority, but also acts done beyond the bounds of their lawful authority. Off-duty conduct may also be covered under color of law, if the perpetrator asserted their official status in some manner.
Color of law may include public officials who are not law enforcement officers, for example, judges and prosecutors, as well as, in some circumstances, non governmental employees who are asserting state authority, such as private security guards.
While the federal authority to investigate color of law type violations extends to any official acting under "color of law", the vast majority of the allegations are against the law enforcement community.
The average number of all federal civil rights cases initiated by the FBI from 1997 -2000 was 3513. Of those cases initiated, about 73% were allegations of color of law violations. Within the color of law allegations, about 82% were allegations of abuse of force with violence (59% of the total number of civil rights cases initiated).
The Supreme Court has had to interpret the United States Constitution to construct law regulating the actions of those in the law enforcement community. Enforcement of these provisions does not require that any racial, religious, or other discriminatory motive existed.
Investigative Areas
Most of the FBI's color of law investigations would fall into five broad areas:
excessive force; sexual assaults; false arrest/fabrication of evidence; deprivation of property; and failure to keep from harm.
In making arrests, maintaining order, and defending life, law enforcement officers are allowed to utilize whatever force is "reasonably" necessary. The breath and scope of the use of force is vast. The spectrum begins with the physical presence of the official through the utilization of deadly force. While some types of force used by law enforcement may be violent by their very nature, they may be considered "reasonable," based upon the circumstances. However, violations of federal law occur where it can be shown that the force used was willfully "unreasonable" or "excessive" against individuals.
Sexual assaults by officials acting under "color of law" could happen in a variety of venues. They could occur in court scenarios, jails, and/or traffic stops to name just a few of the settings where an official might use their position of authority to coerce another individual into sexual compliance. The compliance is generally gained because of a threat of an official action against the other if they do not comply.
The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution guarantees the right against unreasonable searches or seizures. A law enforcement official using his authority provided under the "color of law" is allowed to stop individuals and even if necessary to search them and retain their property under certain circumstances. It is in the abuse of that discretionary power that a violation of a person's civil rights might occur. An unlawful detention or an illegal confiscation of property would be examples of such an abuse of power.
An official would violate the color of law statute by fabricating evidence against or conducting a false arrest of an individual. That person's rights of due process and unreasonable seizure have been violated. In the case of deprivation of property, the official would violate the color of law statute by unlawfully obtaining or maintaining the property of another. In that case, the official has overstepped or misapplied his authority.
The Fourteenth Amendment secures the right to due process and the Eighth Amendment also prohibits the use of cruel and unusual punishment. In an arrest or detention context, these rights would prohibit the use of force amounting to punishment (summary judgment). The idea being that a person accused of a crime is to be allowed the opportunity to have a trial and not be subjected to punishment without having been afforded the opportunity of the legal process.
The public entrusts its law enforcement officials with protecting the community. If it is shown that an official willfully failed to keep an individual from harm that official could be in violation of the color of law statute.
What
will this become, yet another conspiracy theory? Or will society come
to grips with this disturbing trend? Another variable within this
equation revolves around the high incarceration and death rate of Black
men. How can a scholar or African leader live with the destruction of
hope? There also remains the short list of Black men hemmed up over
trumped up charges and imprisoned because of it. If only we could see into
the past, maybe the future. What would we do? Maybe adjust flaws of
character, and bring back Moses? Are any of these acts or actions
related? What measures will some take to keep power out of the hands of
Africans? Geo-political destabilization of Africa and America may
benefit a white supremacist ideal; our old friend divide and conquer
rears its ugly head. The aforementioned issues suggest fault--I ask
candidly, who is to blame? There is a belief that certain elements
within American society are administering policies which seek to destroy
or destabilize the American Black male.
Born and raised in Portland, Oregon, Hazel Ying Lee became the first Chinese American woman to earn a pilot’s license and fly for the U.S. military under the Army Air Corps.
